『壹』 "make"的幾種用法分別是啥
及物動詞 vt. 1. 做;製造;建造[O1][(+for)] Mary made a paper boat. 瑪麗做了一隻紙船。 2. 作出(某種舉動) I didn't make any promise. 我沒有作出任何承諾。 3. 使得;使...做...[O3][O7][O8][O9] The news made John irritable. 這消息使約翰煩躁不安。 His jokes made us all laugh. 他的笑話把我們都逗笑了。模纖 4. 到達;趕上 We just made the last bus. 我們正好趕上末班公交車。 5. 獲得,掙得;贏得[O1] He makes $1,000 a month. 他每月掙一千元。 6. 認為;估計,推算[O9] I make the distance ten miles. 這段距離我估計是十英里。 7. 總計;等於 One hundred centimeters make one meter. 一百厘米等於一米。 8. 准備;整理;布置[O1] 9. 引起;產生[O9] Her arbitrariness made her many enemies. 她獨斷專橫,因而樹敵甚多。 10. 成為,變成;成為...的成員 She will make a good wife. 她會成為一個好妻子。 11. 使成為;使作為[O9] I've made it a rule never to hurry. 我已瞎沒養成凡事從容不迫的習慣。 12. 使成功 13. 構成;組成 A car is made up of many different parts. 汽車是由許多不同的零件組成的。 不及物動詞 vi. 1. 正要做,剛要開始做[+to-v] George made to go out to play, but his mother stopped him. 喬治剛要出去玩,卻被母親攔住了。 2. 朝某方向走去 名詞n. 1. 品牌;型;樣式[C][U] What make is your car? 你的汽車是什麼型號? 2. 性格;氣質;體格[U][C] 以下結果來旦神仿自互聯網網路釋義 make 1. 製造,形成,接通 電腦專業英語系列 - 英語考試|經驗技巧|... 85. make vt. 製造,形成,接通 http://www.hunane.o ... 2. 使;做,製造 ∞模擬題與考試資源∞ - 北京地區成人三級... make vt.使;做,製造 http://www.bjcet.com/... 3. 製作 身體各部位
『貳』 王一博穿綠衣服跳打高爾夫球的舞蹈的音樂名字
《TheApology》。在《天天向上》綜藝節目中有一段岩皮擾是王一博穿綠衣服握昌跳打高粗旦爾夫球的舞蹈環節,出現的歌曲在屏幕上是《TheApology》。《天天向上》是湖南衛視推出的娛樂脫口秀節目,由汪涵、大張偉擔任主持。
『叄』 公司穿著用英語寫作文
1. 英語作文一篇《穿著》
When early man invented clothes,he probably wanted to keep warm.I am sure he never intended that it should bee as elaborate as it has bee today.For many a year,traditional clothes and modern clothes have been in petition as to which of them make the wearer more beautiful.But it does seem that a lot of modern clothes are simpler and more practical.Perhaps we are moving back to the age of cavemen who wore clothes for practical purposes.。
2. 英語亂脊答作文一篇《穿嘩慧著》
When early man invented clothes,he probably wanted to keep warm.I am sure he never intended that it should bee as elaborate as it has bee today.For many a year,traditional clothes and modern clothes have been in petition as to which of them make the wearer more beautiful.But it does seem that a lot of modern clothes are simpler and more practical.Perhaps we are moving back to the age of cavemen who wore clothes for practical purposes.。
3. 英語作文給服裝公司的信怎麼寫
Dear Mr.John Smith:
I am Cindy Garment Co sales manager Ding Zhi Wen ,Write this believing that I am to want to say a few things to you , to ask you to five if having bringing about a haras *** ent。Price goes up , the proct price moves up because of raw material 。 But plain the thing ordering goods still maintains original price。Hope that the days to e continues ordering goods to our pany.In here, I have mailed price list for you.I sincerely express an apology , I hope that long range and you work together to these
4. 我急要野帶一篇四年級的英語作文,以「MyClothes"為題,介紹你衣服
My ClothesI have more clothes.I like them very much.They are a T-shirt ,a jacket ,a shirt and a pair of shorts.The T-shirt is my favorite.I also like the pair of shorts.My favorite color is bule.So my clothes are bule.Do you like these kinds of clothes?Do you like bule?What is your favorite clothes?And what is your favorite color?Can you tell me?我的衣服我有許多衣服.我非常喜歡它們.它們是一件T恤衫,一件夾克衫,一件襯衫和一條短褲.這個T恤衫是我的最愛.我也喜歡這條短褲.我最喜歡的顏色是藍色.因此我的衣服都是藍色.你喜歡這些種類的衣服嗎?你喜歡藍色嗎?你最喜歡的衣服是什麼?並且你最喜歡的顏色是什麼?你能告訴我嗎?。
5. 英語作文:在正式場合穿衣
Lack of what can not be a lack of integrity, because good faith is beeen friends of friendly exchanges an important bridge; is the ruler beeen merchants and consumers fair trade; it is the basic requirements of today's social and economic.。
6. 英語作文著裝心得
Some ten years ago,the clothes the Chinese people wore were simple and monotonous.Men used to wear blue and gray tunics and trousers,and women used to wear blue or black blouses and skirts.When you were in some public places,you seemed to be in a forest of trees of the same kind in the same colour and appearance.
But now people have changed their custom in their clothing.Men begin to look for clothes which make them look more handsome;while women begin to dress themselves mor beautifully.When you are in a crowd of people,you seem to be in a garden of colourful flowers.
This change is the result of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world in China.People dare to wear what they like to.And they bee richer than before and can afford the varieties of clothes they want.They have no fear that they would be called bourgeois.
『肆』 「正裝」的英文怎麼說高手請進。在線等
「正裝」的英文Formal dress英[ˈfɔːml dres] 美[ˈfɔːrml dres]
一、Formal dress的例句
ebrity.
龍袍是古代皇帝參加慶典活動時穿著的禮服。
,.
正裝作為一種正式的社交禮儀性服裝,其造型藝術的個性化是設計的靈魂。
二、重點詞彙解釋
1、formal
英[ˈfɔːml] 美[ˈfɔːrml]
adj. 適合正式場合的;正規的;莊重的; 正式的;合乎規矩的;
He wrote a veryformalletter of apology toDouglas
他給道格拉斯寫了一封非常正式的道歉信。
復數:formals
2、dress
英[dres] 美[dres]
n. 連衣裙; 衣服;
v. 穿衣服;給(某人)穿衣服; 穿…的服裝;穿正式服裝;
She was wearing a blackdress.
她穿一條黑色連衣裙。
第三人稱單數:dresses
復數:dresses
(4)apology是什麼牌子服裝擴展閱讀
一、formal的詞彙搭配
formal call 正式的拜訪
formal party 正式的歡迎會
formal logic 形式邏輯
formal resemblance 形式上的相似
formal schooling 正規學校教育
formal training 正規訓練
formal written English 正式的書面英語
二、dress的用法
1、dress用作可數名詞時,指「婦女和兒童的服裝」。尤指女士上下連身的裙子。
2、dress用作不可數名詞時,是衣服的總稱,尤指外衣,不論男女都可用,有時還指用於特定場合的服裝。
3、dress的基本意思是「給裸露的身體穿上衣服」,可表示狀態(=wear clothes),也可表示動作(=put on clothes)。dress含有穿戴或款式上精心挑選的味道,引申可表示「裝飾」「打扮」「為…提供衣服,為…設計衣服; 包紮;梳理頭發」等。
4、dress用作不及物動詞時多指「穿著」的狀態,在非正式場合也可指重復或習慣性的動作。
5、dress用作及物動詞時,最常用的意思是「給…穿上衣服」。其賓語是反身代詞或其他表人的名詞,而不是表示衣服的名詞。
『伍』 請問西方最准確的用餐禮儀是怎樣的..........
First, has the western-style food six M
Savors the western-style food culture, the tradition is first the full fine sights (dining room arrangement), then the full delight to the ears (gentle music), feels full for a good while after eating the luck of having good things to eat (delicacy French main dish). The scholars pass through the long-term discussion and the inction thought has the western-style food most to be fastidious 6 "M".
First is "Menu" (menu)
West enters the restaurant, the service person eagerly anticipates first takes a seat, treats sits steadily, first delivers then is the menu. The menu is regarded as the restaurant the facade, looked the menu, orders food has become has had the western-style food an essential procere, is the life style.
How selects the good vegetable, has a unique skill, the means is, opens the cookbook, looked which vegetable is by the hotel name naming, certain main point, because which chef can't take oneself 店名 to crack a joke.
Second is "Music" (music)
Luxurious senior 西餐廳, must have the orchestra, plays some gentle musics, general small 西餐廳 also broadcasts some wonderful musics. But, is fastidious the degree which is the music resembles hears does not hear, namely must concentrate the energy and the friend converses does not hear, must want to rest relaxes hears to.
Third is "Mood" (atmosphere)
The western-style food is fastidious the environment refinedly, the atmosphere is harmonious. Certainly must have music to accompany, has the pure white tablecloth, has the fresh flower to place, all tableware are certainly pure. In case the supper, wants the light to be gloomy, on the table must have the red candle, builds one kind romantically, enchanting, the elegantly simple atmosphere.
Fourth is "Meeting" (meeting)
Has the western-style food together with who, must have the choice, certainly if the relatives and friends, the interest are congenial human.
Fifth is "Manner" (decorum and customs)
Follows the western custom, correctly uses the knife and fork, can arrange the men and women generally to be neighboring but sits, is fastidious "woman first" the principle, displays to woman's inattentiveness.
Sixth is "Meal" (food)
The western-style food is take the nutrition as a core.
Second, how selects the western-style food vegetable
The western-style food vegetable to many people said also is all strange, below is the western-style food serves food the order, by supplies the study western-style food vegetable reference:
1. opening prices
Also is called wheting the appetite of, has division of generally hors d'oeuvres and the hot opening price, the common variety has the caviar, 鵝肝醬, smokes the chum salmon, the cocktail cup. Cream chicken crisp box, bureau snail and so on.
2. soup
May divide into the consomme, the cream soup, the vegetables vegetable soup and Leng Tang approximately and so on 4 kinds. The variety has the oxtail consomme, various types cream soup, the seafood soup, the American clam soup, the Italian type vegetables vegetable soup, the Russia type borsch. Buddhist ritual proceres onion soup.
3. vegetables
The usual aquatic proct class cooked food and the egg class, the bread class, the crisp box cooked food is called the vice- vegetable. The western-style food eats the fish cooked food to be fastidious the use special-purpose sauce, the variety has the Tartar 靼 juice, the Dutch juice, the hotel juice, the white cream juice, archbishop the juice, the American juice and the sailor fish juice and so on.
4. piece de resistances
The meat, the birds and beasts class cooked food are the piece de resistance. Most has representative is the beef or the beefsteak, the meats cooked food uses for parts blends flavors counts mainly has the Spanish juice, the thick fever juice essence, the mushroom juice, the Bini silk juice and so on. The birds and beasts class cooked food raw material takes from the chicken. Duck, goose; What the birds and beasts class cooked food are most is the chicken, may boil, may explode, may roast, may be bright, the main sauce has 咖 the grain juice, the cream juice and so on.
5. vegetables 菜類 cooked food
May arrange after the meats cooked food, also may with the meats cooked food at the same time on the table, the vegetables 菜類 cooked food be called the salad in the western-style food. Salad matches which with the piece de resistance at the same time, is called lives the vegetables salad, with the greens, the tomato, the cucumber, the bamboo shoots and so on manufactures generally. Also some kind is with the fish, the meat, the egg class manufacture, does not add the taste juice generally.
6. sweets
After the western-style food sweets are the piece de resistance edible, may calculate does is the sixth vegetable. Says from the true significance, it after all piece de resistances food, like pudding, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on.
7. coffee
Drinks the coffee to have to sweeten generally with the pale cream.
Third, has the strip courteous to have the western-style food
West on dinner table tableware very many, eats each same thing to have to use the specific tableware, when enjoys the western-style food refined goes to eat the atmosphere, the manner wants correctly to be appropriate, dines has the strip to have "the ritual".
When 1st, takes a seat, the body must be straight, the elbow do not have to place on the tabletop, cannot raise the foot, take is advantageous for with dinner table being away from uses the tableware as to be good. On the dining table has suspended the good tableware not to have to manipulate at will. Rebates the table napkin places on gently the knee.
Table napkin cloth: The western-style food table napkin uses the cloth generally, the table napkin cloth uprightly smooth, the color is simple and elegant. Places on frequently the knee, also may place in front of the chest in the attention courtesy situation, the usual relaxed situation also may place on the table, table napkin angle to the chest in front of, and suppresses with the dishes and bowls.
The table napkin cloth may use for to scratch the mouth or to scratch the hand, must fold the triangle shape by the diagonal line, or parallel folds the growth side shape, the dirt should scratch in inside, the semblance has a liking for always is neat completely. When leaves the seat, even if is leaves temporarily, also should take down the table napkin cloth to fold the block either the triangle at will places the plate side or the table angle, best places on own seat.
2nd, knife, fork, bucket use
Knife: Is uses for to cut food, do not have to use the knife to shoulder food to deliver toward the mouth in. Was sure to remember: The right hand takes the knife. If dines time, also some three kind of different specifications knife appears, the general correct usage is: The belt small small denticle that uses for to slice meat system food; Medium size using for slivers the big piece vegetables the small piece; But that kind exquisite, the knife point is a knife which the round head, the crown some on curls upwards, then is uses for to cut open the small bread, then selects a jam, the cream with it spreads above the bread.
Fork: Wants the left hand to take the fork, forks food delivers toward the mouth in when the movement to have to be light. Picks right amount food disposable to put in the mouth □□the fork to pick when food enters the mouth, the tooth only bumps into food, do not have to nip the fork, also do not have to let the knife and fork sends out the sound in the tooth or the plate.
Ladle: Under the official situation, the bucket has many kinds of, what is small is uses in the coffee and the sweet dessert; Flat uses in spreading the butter and 分食 the cake; Compared with big, uses for to drink Tang Huosheng dependents food; Biggest is public in 分食 the soup, common in buffet.
The tableware places the tableware placing is according to serves food the order to place successively from outside to in. Some vegetables will use from now on, will be able 撤掉 part of knifves and fork.
The knife and fork puts the direction and the position all have is fastidious. In the knife and fork places on the pad plate to assume eight glyph, the cutting edge faces, forks the point to under to express you also must continue to dine; The knife and fork parallel places on the pad plate the cutting edge to outside, forks the point to be upward then expressed you do not dine. Soup ladle traverse in soup tureen, in spoon tendency, also expressed may take away with the soup tableware. Remembers, any time, all may not place a knife and fork end on the plate, another end places on the table.
Fourth, gracefully dines:
Each time sends in the mouth food not suitable excessively to be many, when chewing do not have to speak, may not converse on own initiative with the human.
Eats the thick soup: The ladle should take horizontally, lightly scoops up by the extroversion in, do not have to be very heavy the bucket as soon as pulls out, the bucket flank meets touches the soup. Drinks when lightly touches the ladle inside with the lip, do not have to carry the soup trough to drink. When the soup will drink up, in front of the left hand reliable chest the soup trough inside upheaval, 湯汁 concentrates gently in a trough bottom side, the right hand scoops up clear with the bucket.
Cake class: Inscribes with the knife in the plate happen to suits the size together which eats, the fork stops sends in the mouth.
Bread: In the dinner table etiquette, has "the left bread so-called, the right drinking glass", eats when the bread should take the bread, tears down a scrap to put in the mouth, do not have to take the entire bread to nip. Wipes when the butter and the jam also must break off the bread the scrap to wipe again first.
Eats the chicken: Many take the chicken chest meat as expensive. Eats when the chicken leg should make an effort the bone to remove first, do not have to use the hand to take is eating.
Eats the fish: Do not stand up from failure the fish, after must finish eating the upper formation to pick out after the knife and fork the fish bones eats again when the lower level eats the meat, must cut together eats at the same place, the block cannot cut oversized, or time all slivers the meat the block.
Eats the meat: Starts from the left side to cut, stops by the fork from left side the meat, again uses the knife to cut open along fork right flank the meat, like cuts the meat is unable under a stuttering, but straight takes over the use of the knife to cut small somewhat again, cuts open a just size the meat, then delivers in directly the population by the fork. Key lies in suppresses when the meat using the knife the dynamics. With the point of force is in the time which stretches out the knife, but is not pulls the knife time. Cannot from the very beginning on completely sliver the meat together together, otherwise the delicious meat broth could flow out completely. The embellishment vegetables also must finish eating completely, vegetables not only in order to decorate, at the same time also is but increases based on the nutrition balanced consideration. When with beefsteak, first the server can inquire bakes the degree, may depend on the ingredients way supply which you likes. When platoon meal, can supplement cup of m.s.gs. In the official situation, the m.s.g should be uses voluntarily, but the non- troublesome server serves. The m.s.g quantity approximately take two soupspoon as most right amount. After takes the m.s.g, places the soup ladle the m.s.g earthen bowl the side, and bequeaths the next person.
Drinks wine: Drinks wine when drains the cup, even if does not drink, also should bump the cup mouth on the lip, shows the respect. When others pour out wine for you, like does not want, may put briefly "not, thanks!" Or covers the wine class slightly by the hand, indicated declines.
Smokes: When dines not yet completely finished, cannot smoke, until on coffee indicated dines when the conclusion only then. Like has the female guest person in about, should have politeness to inquire "you do not mind!"
Drinks the coffee: Like is willing to increase the milk or the sugar, after the increase must use the small bucket to stir evenly, places the small bucket the coffee on the pad small dish. Drinks when should the right hand take the cup, the left action pad small dish, straight takes over the use of the mouth to drink, do not have to use a small bucket bucket bucket to scoop up is drinking.
Eats the fruit: Do not take the fruit to nip entire, should the water used fruit knife sliver four or the main lobe first uses the knife to peel off, the nucleus, to fork again with the fork is eating.
Conversation: Dines when should converse with the about visitor, but should avoid loud chatting. About only do not converse with several acquaintances the visitor like not to know that, may elect to introce oneself. Others speech cannot build the mouth digression.
Cannot put on make-up nearby the dinner table, scratches the nasal mucus with the table napkin. Dines when hits the belch is the biggest taboo, 11,000 has this kind of situation, should immediately to the periphery human apology. 取食 when do not have to stand, sits food which cannot attain to be supposed to ask others to transmit.
Outside eats when belt and so on fish, meat punctures or the bone cooked food, does not want to be direct spits, may use the table napkin to cover mouth spits gently in forks puts in the plate. When like in plate surplus few cooked foods, do not have to use the fork to blow gets to the bottom, do not have to use the finger to help one another edible, should helps one another edible by the scrap bread or the fork. Eats when the noodles must use the fork to tuck first the noodles, then sends in the mouth.
Goes to eat when cannot wolf down. Is not willing food to oneself which eats also to be supposed to take to place in the plate, shows politeness. Sometimes the master urges the visitor the side-dish, like has the appetite, the side-dish does not calculate the failure in politeness, perhaps the opposite master can 引以為榮.
Has when the western-style food wants the attire neatly, sitting posture straight, the back is stiff, neck elongation. Most importantly the hand certainly must maintain cleanly, the nail prunes neatly.
Fifth, dines etiquette eight "not"
Dines when can meet food frequently to force in the gap between teeth, not carefully falls down the knife and fork, even sees "the foreign matter" in the cooked food and so on both generally and the awkward situation. If does not process when then can give the human not to have politeness the feeling, too bad can affect others appetite. Must turn danger into safety, processing is appropriate, then should pay attention dines etiquette eight "not".
1.Not suitably has spread the thick perfume, in order to avoid 香水味 has covered the cooked food flavor.
2.Woman attends when the grand evening banquet avoids wearing the hat and putting on Gao Tongxue.
3.The knife and fork, the table napkin fall when the place don't casually lies prone to the table under picks, should invite service person other military supplies.
4.When 食物屑 forces in the gap between teeth, don't 一股腦兒uses the toothpick to cause it, should drink a water, whether tries the situation to improve. If the fruit, then should not process to the washroom.
5.In when the cooked food has the foreign matter, is sure not human which 花容失色 informs the adjacent seat, in order to avoid affects others appetite. Should keep cool, hurries to pick up with the table napkin it and abandons it.
6.Prohibited in witticism continuous time not on own initiative brandishes the knife and fork.
7.Should not when dining spits the thing, in case too is spicy or too burns food, may quickly drink the ice water to do adjusts and adapts, really cannot eat up when then to washroom processing.
8.Front woman dines should wipe off first the lipstick, in order to avoid keeps lower lip India on the cup or the tableware, gives the human the unclean feeling.
Sixth, regular western-style food etiquette
1st, appointment know-how. An upscaleer hotel more needs beforehand to make an appointment. When appointment, not only must talk clearly the population and the time, also must indicate whether wants the smoking area or the field of vision good seat. If is the birthday or other special days, may inform the banquet the goal and the budget. Arrives in the scheled time, is the basic politeness.
2nd, expensive 休閑服, also cannot put in the dining room at will.
3rd, eats meal when puts on is being appropriate is the European and American person's general knowledge. Goes to the upscale dining room, the gentleman must put on the neat coat and the leather shoes; Woman must put on the coverall and has with the shoe. If assigns to put on the official clothing, the gentleman must knit the tie.
4th, takes a seat by chair left sideMost appropriate takes a seat the way is takes a seat from left side. After the chair is pulled open, the body in must bump into the table nearly the distance 站直, leads to be able to advance the chair behind, when the leg curved bumps into the chair, may sit down.
When 5th, dines, the upper arm and the back must depend on to the chairback, the abdomen and the table maintains approximately a fist distance, two feet overlapping sitting postures best avoid.
6th, the official complete set 餐點 serves food the order is:(1) Vegetable and soup (2) cod liver oil (3) fruit (4) meats (5) breast cruel cream (6) sweet snack and coffee (7) fruit, but also having meal front liquor and meal liquor. Is not unnecessary all to select completely, too many cannot finish eating actually instead begs pardon. Has the standard the dining room all not to welcome front slightly only to select the vegetable person. The first vegetable, the piece de resistance (fish or meat select its one) adds the sweet snack is the most appropriate combination. Orders food is not starts the spot by the front vegetable, but is the piece de resistance which elects equally most to want first to eat, then is joined to suits the piece de resistance the soup.
7th, when liquor do not have hardly to install the expert. In the senior dining room, can have is skilled in the wine-tasting accent liquor Shi Najiu the listHuman understood not greatly which to the liquor, best tells the emaciated look, the budget, the affection wines taste which he chooses, requests transfer the liquor teacher to help the choice.
8th, the piece de resistance if the meats should match the red wine, the fish then matches the white liquor. Before serves food, might as well comes the cup champagne, the sherry or the Gill liquor and so on the pale liquor.
9th, the table napkin may open in front of dining. After selects the vegetable, sends front in the front vegetable this period of time to open the table napkin, toward the internal wear 1/3, lets 2/3 even shop on the leg, covers above the knee the both legs to be partial. Should better not have to squeeze in the table napkin the neckband.
10th, lightly grasps the cup foot with three fingers. The wines service usually is responsible by the service person the few wineshop attendants to pour into in the wine class, lets the visitor distinguish the quality whether contains errors. Only must regard as it one kind of form, drinks small and returns signs Good. Then, waiter's can come but actually the liquor, by now, did not have to begin to take the wine class, but should place the wine class on the table to go by the waiter but actually. Correct grasps the cup posture is lightly grasps the cup foot with the finger. In order to avoid the hand the temperature warm making the liquor to advance, using the thumb, th
『陸』 apologylondon是什麼品牌
BoyLondon(倫敦男孩)是英國的一家英倫街牌的鼻祖。由兄團StephaneRaynor於1976年創磨塵沖立的BOYLONDON,曾是80年代音樂和服裝文化的代名詞。
品牌成立之初就打上叛逆的標簽,不斷以一種顛覆性的理念挑戰傳統的服飾行業,大膽的圖案、寬大的T-Shirt剪裁等等都是標志性特徵。從充滿青瞎殲春的名字、大大的黑色背景以及「鷹」味十足的LOGO不難看出其潮流、頹廢、叛逆的色彩。
『柒』 make的兩種用法是什麼速求!
您的問題很簡單。呵呵。網路知道很高興幫助您解決您提出的問題。
原句:make
翻譯: vt. 使得;進行;布置,准備,整冊掘理;製造;認為;獲得;形成;安排;引起;構成
vi. 開始;前進;增大;被製造
n. 製造;構造;性情
make1 [meik] vt.1. 製作,制茄沒造;做;州納核做出(某物),建造,創造(某物):
This car is made in China.
這輛汽車是中國製造的。
Did you make this shirt or buy it?
這件襯衣是你自己做的還是買的?
2. 註定;適合:
They were made for each other.
他們是合適的一對。
3. 引起;引出;帶來,導致;產生:
She had made her own trouble.
她的不幸是她自己造成的。
to make tragedy
導致悲劇
4. 使出現,使形成,使成為:
She will make a very good athlete.
她將來會成為一名很好的運動員。
She would make him a good wife.
她可以成為他的好妻子。
5. 安置,安裝,使固定;收集材料開始做,著手干6. 為…提供(或准備);提出(建議);提議;給予:
Has she made you an offer for your car?
她說過她願出多少錢買你的汽車嗎?
He never made me an apology.
他從未向我道歉。
7. 命名變成,使作為,委派…為,選…為,任命…為;提名;指派:
His actions made him respected.
他的行為使他受到尊敬。
They made him their chairman.
他們選他當主席。
8. 使…看上去成為;致使:
These pictures make him an old man.
這些照片使他看上去像個老人。
The scents made her drunk.
這香味使她陶醉。
9. 整理;布置;准備;鋪床:
Please make your beds after breakfast.
早飯後請把你們的床鋪整理好。
to make the bed for a guest
為客人鋪床
10. 烹制(飯菜);點亮(燈火);翻曬(乾草);加工(腌、熏、曬)魚肉:
I made a stew with meat and vegetables.
我用肉和蔬菜燉了一道菜。
to make hay
曬乾草
11. 總計,共計,合計;使相等,等於:
6 and 6 makes 12.
6加6等於12。
12. 列入;組成;構成;集成;被視為:
A hundred pence makes one pound.
一百便士為一鎊。
Their adventures make a good story.
他們的奇遇是個很好的故事。
13. 證實為;(證明)具有…的基本素質:
He will make a fine leader.
他會成為一個好的領導。
14. 制定;頒布;通過;規定:
These regulations were made to protect women.
這些規則是為保護婦女而制定的。
15. 使由一種狀態(或情形)變成另一種狀態;可發展為;可轉變為;宜用作,結果是:
If you train hard, you'll make a good sportsman.
如果刻苦訓練你就能成為一名優秀的運動員。
You have made me what I am.
你使我成了我現在這個樣子。
16. 得到;獲得;賺得;掙得;贏得;取得:
She made a fortune on the stock market.
她在股票交易中發了財。
They make a lot of money.
他們掙很多錢。
17. 使成功;使走運;保證…飛黃騰達:
That venture made him a millionaire.
那次投機買賣使他成了百萬富翁。
Her acting makes the show.
她的表演使這場演出很成功。
18. [美國俚語]懂;理解;領會;解釋;判斷 (of):
What do you make of this sentence?
你是如何理解這個句子的?
I simply don't know what to make of it.
我簡直不明白這是怎麼回事。
19. 寫;作;編著;導演:
He has made several films.
他已導演了幾部影片。
20. 【法律】
立遺囑,立契約,草擬,擬訂,訂立:
I'll make a treaty with him.
我要與他簽訂協議。
履行(誓言等)21. 估計;推斷;猜想;認為:
I make the distance about 300 miles.
我估計這段路有300英里。
I make the wall's height to be ten feet.
我估計牆高10英尺。
22. 實行;執行;進行,做出,實現;從事:
I've made my choice and I'll never repent it.
我做出了自己的選擇,永遠也不後悔。
We made an important discovery.
我們有了一個重大發現。
23. 足以構成;足以成為24. 發表講話;刊登,登載,說出;讀出:
He made a stirring speech.
他發表了一篇動人的演說。
The story made all the papers.
這篇報道在所有的報紙上登載了。
25. 促使;勸使;迫使:
If we won't do it willingly, he'll make us do it.
如果我們不願做那件事,他會強迫我們去做。
to make the machine work
開動機器
26. 及時到達;抵達,趕上:
They made the station in time to catch the train.
他們及時到達車站,趕上了那班火車。
I'm sorry I couldn't make your party last night.
很遺憾昨晚我沒能趕上參加你們的聚會。
27. (旅途中)順便訪問某地;行程中包括某地:
They intend to make China on the return trip.
他們打算在歸途中訪問中國。
28. 走完(路程);以…速度行進;保持(航行速度):
We make 600 miles the first day.
第一天我們航行了600英里。
29. 採用,擇定:
We'll make this town our base.
我們將以這座城市作為我們的基地。
30. [口語]在取得隊員、身份、地位承認上獲得成功,佔有…地位;取得…地位:
Jon made professor in five years.
喬恩在五年內成了教授。
to make the team
成為隊員
31. 明白(人)是誰;知道身份32. 抱有,懷有33. [美國俚語]誘奸;贏得異性的歡心;向異性獻殷勤;與…性交;將(女人)弄到手:
I'll make her by all means.
不管怎樣我要將她弄到手。
34. [美國俚語]認出,識別出:
He made me the minute he saw me.
他一見到我就認出了我。
35. 偷,奪取36. [俚語]搶劫,偷到37. [古語]緊閉;關緊門38. 【紙牌】
叫(王牌);贏得某場比賽打出某牌而獲勝39. 【橋牌】叫牌;打(某張牌)贏一墩,洗牌:
It's my turn to make.
該我洗牌了。
40. 【航海學】發現,開始看見41. 【電工學】接通電路;閉合電路;通電流42. 【游戲】(比賽中)得分43. 買 (麻葯):
He has just made some downs.
他剛買到鎮定劑。
44. 吃飯;進餐:
She made a hasty lunch.
她匆匆吃了午餐。
45. [古語]翻譯vi.1. 嘗試;想做;開始:
He made to speak, but I stopped him.
他正要說話,我阻止了他。
2. 趨向;指向;展向3. 朝某方向走去;前進;行進(to,towards):
They made straight towards the office.
他們徑直走向辦公室。
Elley made steadily but slowly towards them.
埃利穩步而緩慢地向他們走去。
4. 有效果;產生影響:
Courtesy makes for safer driving.
禮讓有助於更安全駕駛。
5. [後接形容詞]表示行為的方式:
Have I made myself clear?
我的意思說清楚了嗎?
6. [後接形容詞]使處於某種狀態(或表現)中:
to make ready
准備好
7. (潮汐或船底水)漲起;水漲,(深度、體積)增加;增高;加深;增大:
The tide is making now.
現在正漲潮。
8. 洗牌9. 凍冰10. [美國俚語]小孩拉屎11. 被製造,被處理;創造事物;乾草被曬制12. [古語]賦詩n.1. 做;製作過程;手工製作工序;結構;樣式;造型2. 產量,製造量;生產額3. 產品來源;種類;型號;產品牌子;商標4. 性情,品質;氣質;品格;體格5. (作為性對象的)女人6. [美國俚語]新任命的軍士7. [美國俚語]轟動一時的人物(或事物)8. [美國俚語](搶來的)贓物9. [美國俚語](向警察局)查證;核實;辨認;認出10. [美國俚語]破鞋,婊子11. [俚語]成功的騙局,盜竊得手12. 【電工】閉合;接通13. 【紙牌】主牌選定;選定的一套主牌;洗牌;輪到洗牌近義詞:shape . fashion變形:vt.mademakingmake2 [meik] n.[英國方言]
同等的人;同等地位的公民;同輩配偶;夥伴;同事;朋友
make sense有意義;講得通;有道理;言之有理
make up組成;構成;編造;彌補
make for走向;有助於;駛向;導致
make friends交朋友;友好相處;交友訣竅;交朋支
make headway取得進展;有進展;前進;進展
make mistakes犯錯;犯錯誤;學會犯錯;出錯
make it達到;成功;趕上;辦成
make good成功;補償;實現;兌現諾言
make clear澄清;說明;弄清楚;表明
make sure 確信;證實
make up 彌補;組成;化妝;整理
make full use of 充分利用
make friends with 與…交友
make up for 補償,彌補
make a difference 有影響,有關系
make good use of 充分利用;很好地使用
make out 理解;辨認出;說明;填寫;設法應付
make a decision 作決定
make for 導致;有助於;走向
make of 了解;用…製造
make it possible 使它變成可能
make in 加入,進入;干涉別人
make a living 謀生,維持生活
make life 求活;創造人生;有意義的活
make an appointment 約會,預約
make a mistake 犯錯誤
make contribution 貢獻
make decision 作決定;下決心
make friend 交朋友;建立友誼
網路知道永遠給您最專業的英語翻譯。
『捌』 請問廣州有哪幾處服裝批發市場各處的具體地址
廣州服裝批發市場主要集中為以下幾塊:
1、白馬,在廣州火車站對面,服裝質量還算不錯
2、沙河大街,在白雲區廣州大道北,質量屬於一般,但價格比較低
3、十三行,上下九附近。質量還不錯,價格適中。
我有去過白馬服裝市場,那邊的價格貴的離譜
很多都是抄十三行和沙河的貨過來的
但是我自己又沒有時間去那邊,而且真的去那邊了,也不知道市場的最新寬
還好,我朋友跟我講楊哥,他在廣州比較出名
他也很熱心的教我怎麼做,現在我的服裝店有點起色了
他威信貌似是38928 可以跟他交流交流,人挺好的
said his apology was too little, too late. She had already bought an airline ticket to New York City; her flight was Monday evening.
『玖』 Can you開頭的句子有哪些,它們又分別是什麼意思呢
Can you play the piano?
你扒世會彈鋼琴簡答嗎?
How can you say that?
你怎麼能那麼說?
Can you ride a bicycle?
你會騎自行車嗎?
Can you read this word?
你會攔此慧讀這個單詞嗎?
Can you leap the wall?
你能跳過牆嗎?
Can you ride a motorcycle?
你會騎摩托車嗎?
Until when can you stay?
你能呆到什麼時候?
Can you see the blackboard?
你能看見黑板嗎?
Can you recommend a doctor?
你能推薦一位醫生好嗎?
Can you answer this riddle?
你能回答這個謎嗎?
Can you solve this problem?
你能解決這個問題嗎?
Can you work under pressure?
你能在壓力下工作嗎?
What languages can you speak?
你會說什麼語言?
When can you get here?
你什麼時候可以到這里?
Can you accept my apology?
你能接受我的道歉嗎?
Can you spell this word?
你能拼寫這個單詞嗎?
Can you recommend a novel?
你能推薦一本小說嗎?
Can you take me there?
可以帶我去那兒嗎?
Can you recall your schooldays?
你還能回憶起你的學生時代嗎?
Can you help children swimming?
你能幫助兒童游泳嗎?
『拾』 怎樣快速地進行記憶(尤其是語文、英語)
(2) 改變詞中字母倍增詞彙
gram 克
epigram 警句
grim 無情的
pilgrim 朝聖者
(3) 改告緩變詞尾字母倍增詞彙
rub 摩擦
drub 敲擊
rug 地毯
drug 葯品
rum 甜酒
drum 鼓聲
六、改變機械記憶
近百年來,我們墨守先數字母後記單詞和從左至右的順序的陳舊觀念和方法,片面地強調機械記憶和模仿記憶,長期陷入單純的應試教育而不能自拔。英語詞彙邏輯記憶法提出的以詞為單位的基本思路完全可以改變機械記憶和模仿記憶的被動局面,用積極的、主動的記憶代替消極的、被動的記憶。我們用20講的時間所要講述的,其實就是一個內容,如何以詞為單位強化記憶和擴展詞彙量,請廣大觀眾予以注意。
equinox 晝夜平分時;二分點
vernal equinox 春分
autumnal equinox 秋分
能否記住「春分」和「秋分」,關鍵在於能否記住 equinox 這個詞。 現在我們運用英語詞彙邏輯記憶法正向記憶原則,在 equinox 一詞中找出「 nox 」一詞。「 Nox 」是羅馬古典神話中的夜女神,是「 夜 」的含義,「 equi 」是「 等於 」之意,所以,equinox 是「晝夜平分時」, 意為把白晝和黑夜分成相等的兩個部分。假如取「二分點」之意,那就是太陽在天球上一年兩次經過天赤道的時刻,以全球晝夜等長為特徵,出現在仲春或仲秋季節的日夜分,叫做「春分」或「秋分」。因此,能記住 nox 就能記住 equinox ,而能記住equinox ,就能記住 vernalequinox 和 autumnal equinox 。
solstice 至點
summer solstice 夏至
winter solstice 冬至
「 Sol 」是羅馬古典神話中的太陽神,是「太陽」的含義,「 stice 」雖然不是一個英語詞,但我們可以把它理解為「到達」之意,意為太陽光直射的地點,所以,我們就能記住 summer stice 和 winter stice 終生不忘。
第六講 建立邏輯思維的記憶模式 (二)
第七講 建立邏輯思維的記憶模式 (三)
三、建立邏輯推理旦友物的思維模式
各個民族,各個國家,由於他們在政治、經濟、社會、文化、宗教、地理、風俗、習慣等諸方面的不同,因而他們的思維方式和表達方法必然是千差萬別的。但是,每個民族,每個國家,在使用邏輯思維這一點上卻是共同的。所以,我們必須了解英語的邏輯思維規律及其特有的表達方式,特別是他們與漢語的邏輯思維規律與表達方法的異同。這就是說,邏輯思維應當成為架設在英漢兩種語言之間的記憶橋梁,應當成為我們中國人跨越英語詞彙海洋到達彼岸的一艘永不沉沒的渡輪。
spearmint 留蘭香
spear 茅;芽
mint 造幣廠;薄荷
首先,以詞為單位分解「 spearmint 」為「 spear 」和「 mint 」。假如選「茅」與「造幣模液廠」的含義,則與「留蘭香」毫無關聯。假如選取「芽」與「薄荷」的含義,那麼,「芽」的顏色是淡綠色的,「 spearmint 」就是「綠薄荷」,而「綠薄荷」的學名正是「留蘭香」,「留蘭香」的俗名正是「綠薄荷」。
四、建立英語漢譯糾錯模式
當我們的英語詞彙積累到一定數量的時候,就會想當然地按英語字面的意思去進行漢譯,結果與英語實際意義相去甚遠,造成歧義或誤解。所以,我們必須學會運用邏輯推理的方法和手段,建立英語漢譯的糾錯模式。
Milky way 銀河 誤譯:牛奶路
morning glory 牽牛花 誤譯:早晨的榮光
dogfish 星鯊 誤譯:狗魚
horsefeathers 夢囈 誤譯:馬鬃
tomcat 雄貓 誤譯:母貓
由於沒有掌握英漢兩種語言的詞彙在邏輯上的聯系,歷史上把「 Milky way 」誤譯為「 牛奶路」的錯誤,在現實中依然是屢見不鮮。 例如, 把 「morningglory」(牽牛花)誤譯為「早晨的榮光」;把「 horsefeathers」 ( 夢囈 ) 誤譯為 「 馬鬃」;把「 tomcat 」( 雄貓 ) 誤譯為「 母貓 」,把 「 dogfish 」( 星鯊) 誤譯為「狗魚」等等。
gold 金
fish 魚
goldfish 金魚
dog 狗
fish 魚
dogfish 星鯊(狗魚)
由於英語「 goldfish 」一詞與漢語「金魚」一詞在結構和思路上基本雷同,因而就把「 dogfish 」誤譯為「狗魚」。其實, 英語「狗魚」另有其名:pike。 「 dogfish 」與「 seadog」為同義詞,意思是說,這種魚像海洋里的狗一樣兇猛,所以是「星鯊」或「角鯊」。
horse 馬
feathers 羽毛
horsefeathers 夢囈(馬鬃)
「 horsefeathers 」不等於「 hoese+feathers 」。 無論是中國的馬還是美國的馬,均不可能長出羽毛,所以,「 horsefeathers」不可能是「馬鬃」,「馬鬃」在英語中另有其詞:「 horsemane 」。既然馬的身上不能長出羽毛, 為什麼有人硬要說能長出羽毛呢?顯然,該詞的含義是「夢囈」,「白日夢」,「想入非非」。假如某人沒有做夢,還說馬的身上能長出羽毛,那麼該詞的含義是「胡說」。
有些資料把美國的F-14「雄貓式」戰斗機譯為「母貓式」戰斗機,這是不對的。tom 「公的」,「雄的」,「 tomcat 」顯然是「雄貓」。美國奉行戰略威懾理論,他不可能把其F_14 「 tomcat」命名為「母貓式」戰斗機。所以,美國既有「cobra」(眼鏡蛇式戰斗機),又有「 seacobra 」(海上眼鏡蛇)「 skycobra 」(空中眼鏡蛇),「 supercobra 」(超級眼鏡蛇)等戰斗機型。
velvet glove air-to-air missile
把加拿大「 velvet glove air-to-air missile 」譯成「天鵝絨手套式空空導彈」顯然是誤譯。英語中有一個成語:「 an iron hand in the velvet glove 」,所以該導彈應譯為「笑裡藏刀式」,「口蜜腹劍式」或「外柔內剛式」空空導彈。
五、建立漢語英譯糾錯模式
當我們的英語詞彙積累到一定數量的時候,就會想當然地按照漢語的思路去理解或「創造」英語詞彙。所以,我們必須學會運用邏輯推理的方法和手段,建立漢語英譯的糾錯模式。
紅寶石 ruby 紅色的寶石 red gem
藍寶石 sapphire 藍色的寶石 blue gem
綠寶石 emerald 綠色的寶石 green gem
在一般情況下,我們很容易把「紅寶石」誤認為是「 red gem 」。但是, 當我們遇到「紅寶石」是「 ruby 」而不是「 red gem 」時, 那麼我們至少應當做兩件事,第一,立即調整我們的原有思路,接受英語「 ruby 」揚棄漢語「 redgem 」;第二,我們應當進行邏輯推理,意識到「藍寶石」可能不是「 blue gem 」,「綠寶石」可能不是「 green gem 」。事實上,英語「藍寶石」是「 sapphire 」,「綠寶石」是「 emerald 」。 紅寶石 ruby 紅色的寶石 red gem。
上述情況相當於漢語中某些詞的思路,例如,「白菜」不等於「白色的菜」,因為有些菜比「白菜」還白,但不能叫做「白菜」。同樣,「黃瓜」不等於「黃色的瓜」,「綠豆」不等於「綠色的豆子」,等等。
第三講 更新舊有的思維模式 (一)
一、更新純生詞思維模式
我們把老師沒教的詞,沒記住的詞,不認識的詞,通稱為生詞。這種純生詞的記憶模式嚴重地束縛了英語學習者的聰明和才智。
lone 孤獨的
clone 克隆,無性繁殖
在記住「 lone 」的基礎上,只要在該詞的詞首加一個字母「c」,所謂生詞「 clone 」就會記住不忘。
sturgeon 鱘魚
s-urgeon 軍醫
在記住「 surgeon 」的基礎上, 只要在該詞的第一個字母之後添加一個字母「 t 」,所謂生詞「 sturgeon 」就會過目不忘。
comet 慧星
come- 來
在記住「come」的基礎上,只要在該詞的詞尾加一個字母「 t 」, 所謂生詞「 comet 」就會終生難忘。
可見,只要我們更新純生詞的記憶模式,不把某一個詞在詞首、詞中或詞尾僅有某一個字母不認識的詞當成生詞的話,那麼,每個英語學習者的詞彙量就會成倍或成幾倍的增加。
二、更新同義詞思維模式
我們過去是把意義相同或相近的詞放到一起去記,可以稱之為同義詞記憶法。現在我們採用英語廣義同義詞和漢語廣義同義詞兩種方法,用以更新同義詞的記憶模式,從而強化記憶,進一步加深對同義詞詞群的理解和運用。
(1)英語廣義同義詞
assassinate 暗殺
bloodbath 屠殺
butcher 屠殺
carnage 屠殺
hecatomb 屠殺
kill 殺死
massacre 屠殺
murder 謀殺
slay 屠殺
slaughter 屠殺
suicide 自殺
假如不從英語廣義同義詞這個角度出發,我們就很難把這些意義相同或相近的詞集中在一起記憶。假如不選用 「 massacre 」這個詞, 我們就不能用准確無誤的詞彙來描述1937年12月13日日本軍國主義在我國南京有組織、有計劃地實施慘絕人寰的大屠殺,而當時國際上的新聞傳媒也都毫無例外地使用了massacre一詞來抨擊和揭露日本軍國主義的暴行。
(2)漢語廣義同義詞
halfway 半路
hemisphere 半球
midnight 半夜
peninsula 半島
radius 半徑
semiconctor 半導體
假如不從漢語廣義同義詞這個角度出發,我們就很難把這些意義相同或相近的詞集中在一起記憶,因而在理解和使用的過程中就會產生誤用和誤譯的現象。
三、更新反義詞思維模式
(1)對應記憶
把意義相反或相對的一組詞集中在一起記憶,這是傳統的反義詞記憶法。這種方法對我們理解和記憶詞彙是有益處的。
lithe_______rigid
柔軟的 剛硬的
profane_____pious
褻瀆的 虔誠的
(2)詞綴記憶
所謂詞綴記憶,就是指我們採用為某一具體詞彙添加前綴或後綴的方法來強化對反義詞的記憶。
添加前綴 un- 表示「不」:
sophisticted 老於世故的
unsophisticated 天真無邪的
添加具有相反意義的後綴 -ful 和 -less:
harm 傷害
harmful 有害的
harmless 無害的
(3)結構記憶
所謂結構記憶,就是指我們利用某一個或某幾個具體詞彙的前部結構相同或後部結構相同來強化對反義詞的記憶。
前部結構相同,均為 centr ,i 為連接字母:
centre 中心
centrifugal 離心的
centripetal 向心的
後部結構相同,均為 anthropic,前綴 mis- 表示「不」,前綴phil- 表示「喜歡」。
anthropic 人類的
misanthropic 憤世嫉俗的
philanthropic 樂善好施的
(4)多角度記憶
所謂多角度記憶,就是指我們利用某一個具體詞彙所具有的某幾個不同的意義同不同詞彙組成的反義詞來強化對反義詞的記憶。
permanent _______ evanesent
持久的 短暫的
permanent _______ mutable
固定的 無常的
permanent _______ temporary
永久的 暫時的
第四講 更新舊有的思維模式 (二)
所謂更新單一詞類記憶模式,就是指我們利用相同詞綴或相同結構實現詞類的轉移,進而增加詞彙,擴大詞彙量。
(1)同綴記憶
dread ————> dreadless ————> dreadlessness
畏懼 無畏的 無畏
end ————> endless ————> endlessness
末端 無邊無際的 無邊無際
hope ————> hopeless ————> hopelessness
希望 絕望的 絕望
match ————> matchless ————> matchlessness
匹配 無與倫比的 無與倫比
self ————> selfless ————> selflessness
私心 無私的 無私
weight ————> weightless————> weightlessness
重量 失重的 失重
(2)同構記憶
apology ————> apologize
道歉 表示道歉
energy ————> energyze
能量 加強
sympothy————> sympothize
同情 表示同情
maximal ————> maximize ————> maximum
最大的 使增到最大 最大量
minimal ————> minimize ————> minimum
最小的 使減到最小 最小量
optimal ————> optimize ————> optimum
最佳的 使最佳 最佳條件
mater ————> maternal ————> matrimony
母親 母系的 婚姻
pater ————> paternal ————> patrimony
父親 父系的 遺產
五、更新單一詞彙記憶模式
(1)英語主題詞
當遇到某一個英語具體詞時,我們就應當有意識地更新單一詞彙記憶模式,逐漸培養自己掌握用英語主題詞擴展詞彙的能力。當遇到「 colour 」一詞時,我們就應當聯想到太陽光七種顏色的英語詞彙。
red 紅色的
orange 橙色
yellow 黃色
green 綠色
blue 藍色
indigo 靛青
violet 紫色
red 紅色的
infra- 在...下
infrared ray 紅外線
violet 紫色
ultra- 超過
ultraviolet 紫外線
根據物理學知識,紅色光的光波最長,比紅色光的光波還長的不可見光,英語含義為「在紅光之下的光」即為「紅外線」。同理,紫色光的光波最短,比紫色光的光波還短的不可見光,英語的含義為「超過紫色光波的光」即為「紫外線」。
(2)漢語主題詞
當遇到某一個漢語具體詞時,我們就應當有意識地更新單一詞彙記憶模式,逐漸培養自己掌握用漢語主題詞帶英語詞的能力。
當遇到「動物」一詞時,我們就應當在自己的頭腦中,盡可能多地重現相應的英語詞彙。當遇到「植物」一詞時,就應當重現有關植物的英語詞彙。
當遇到科技詞彙中的「粒子」,就應當記住相應的英語詞彙:
原子 atom
分子 molecule
離子 ion
電子 electron
中子 neutron
核子 nucleon
質子 proton
介子 meson
量子 quantum
聲子 phonon
光子 photon
掌握主題詞最好是遵循宜少不宜多、由易到難、靈活排序、逐漸增加容量等原則。
第五講 建立邏輯思維的記憶模式 (一)
一、建立運動記憶的模式
傳統記憶法的最大弊病之一就是靜止記憶,現在我們用邏輯記憶法的運動記憶來代替靜止記憶,最大限度地克服遺忘帶來的障礙和煩惱,為英語學習者打開英語詞彙王國的大門。
所謂靜止記憶模式,就是指直觀的、孤立的、簡單的記憶模式。
所謂運動記憶,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過添加或改變字母的方式增加詞彙,幫助英語學習者強化記憶,擴展詞彙量。
(1)左向運動
所謂左向運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過添加字母或單詞向該詞的左側擴展詞彙。
slaughter <———— laughter
屠殺 笑聲
(2)右向運動
所謂右向運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過添加字母或單詞向該詞的右側擴展詞彙。
flak —————> flake
高射炮 薄片
(3)左右運動
所謂左右運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過添加字母或單詞向該詞的左側和右側擴展詞彙。
( ram ) ramshackle ————> shackle ————> hackle
猛撞 搖搖欲墜的 鐐銬 禽鳥的頸毛
(4)上向運動
所謂上向運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過改變詞首字母、詞中字母或詞尾字母向該詞的上方擴展詞彙。
dwindle 縮小
│
swindle 騙取
(5)下向運動
所謂下向運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過改變詞首字母、詞中字母或詞尾字母向該詞的下方擴展詞彙。
culture 文化
│
vulture 禿鷹
(6)上下運動
所謂上下運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過改變詞首字母、詞中字母或詞尾字母向該詞的上方和下方擴展詞彙。
garble 斷章取義
│
marble 大理石
│
warble (鳥)囀鳴
(7)全方位運動
所謂全方位運動,主要是指當我們遇到一個具體單詞時,通過添加或改變字母的方式向該詞的左向、右向、上方和下方擴展詞彙。
carpet ____ pet______ peter
地毯 寵物 逐漸消失
│
spot ______ pot______ potter
斑點 鍋 陶工
│
imput______ put______ pute
輸入 放 純粹的
左向運動、右向運動、左右向運動強調詞彙的橫向運動,上向運動、下向運動、上下向運動強調詞彙的縱向運動,全方位運動則是強調詞彙的縱橫運動。而最終實現的這種詞彙的全方位運動的記憶模式或稱之為詞彙的放射式擴展,將為任何一個英語學習者創造出連他自己都不敢相信的奇跡。
第一講 改變傳統的記憶方法 (一)
我國學校的英語教學,始於1903年。近百年來,由於社會的進步和科學技術的發展,學校英語教學的教學手段、教學模式和學習方法,均有了長足的進步和明顯提高,但就記憶單詞來講,仍然是按照從左至右的順序採用數字母記憶單詞的傳統方法,基本上沒有大的變化。這種陳舊的、一成不變的、傳統的記憶方法,消耗了我們幾代人的精力,嚴重地阻礙了我國的英語教學和英語人才的培養。
一、改變記憶單位
傳統記憶法是以字母為單位,而邏輯記憶法則是以詞為單位。
按照傳統記憶法,我們要記住 dapple 這個詞,就得經過如下五個步驟:
①數字母:d,a,p,p,l,e;
②藉助於國際音標的標注正確讀出dapple;
③記住詞性,知道它是名詞或動詞;
④記住其漢語含義是「斑點」或「使有斑點」;
⑤記住其相應的英語解釋。
經過這五道工序的加工,根據心理學家的測試,若想把dapple這個詞記住終生不忘,至少要重復100 ̄150次,而且中間還得有停頓和間隔,否則一分鍾重復100次,其效果實際上還是等於一次。而邏輯記憶法則是以詞為單位:
apple 蘋果
dapple 斑點
若想記住 dapple「斑點」這個詞,只要在 apple 「蘋果」一詞前面加一個字母「 d 」即可。這樣,能記住一般詞彙 apple 就能記住高難詞彙 dapple,會讀apple 就會讀 dapple。如果說按照以字母為單位的傳統記憶法,記住 dapple需要重復100次的話,那麽採用以詞為單位的邏輯記憶法,只要重復3 ̄5 次就能記住終生不忘,而且還能起到記一個詞就能等於記住兩個詞的作用。
所以,我們一定要用以詞為單位的邏輯記憶法代替以字母為單位的傳統記憶法,克服記憶上的飽和狀態和英語學習者的徘徊不前的心理障礙,實現記憶上的突破和詞彙量的倍增。
二、改變記憶順序
傳統記憶法的記憶順序是從左到右,而邏輯記憶法則是採用靈活順序。傳統記憶法數字母記憶單詞是按照從左到右這個固定不變的順序進行記憶,而邏輯記憶法是以詞為單位,可以採用正向、逆向或中間詞的方式進行記憶。
offspring 後代
spring 春天
從 offspring 中找出 spring ,能記住 spring 就能記住 offspring,會讀spring 就會讀 offspring,這是正向增加詞彙。
springe 圈套
spring 春天
從 springe 中找出 spring ,能記住 spring 就能記住 springe , 會讀spring 就會讀 springe,這是逆向增加詞彙。
dwarf 侏儒
war 戰爭
從 dwarf 中找出 war ,能記住 war 就能記住 dwarf,會讀 war 就會讀dwarf,這是利用中間詞增加詞彙。
一般的英語學習者只能記住 spring ,但卻記不住 offspring 和springe;只能記住 war ,但卻記不住 dwarf 。可見,運用邏輯記憶法,以詞為單位,改變記憶順序,不但可以強化記憶,並且能夠實現記憶上的突破和詞彙量的倍增。
三、改變記憶角度
所謂改變記憶角度,就是從多角度、多方位、多側面地去分析某一個具體詞彙,找出最少字母組成的詞,然後進行由多及少或由少及多地倍增詞彙的訓練直到形成思維定式熟記不忘。
scrap 這個詞,按照傳統記憶法就是一個詞,記住就可以了。但是,根據邏輯記憶法改變記憶單位和改變記憶順序的要求,我們必須這樣記:
scrap 碎片
crap 擲骰子
rap 使著迷
crap 擲骰子
scrap 碎片
首先從某一具體單詞中找出其最少字母組成的詞,進行由多及少地記憶,然後再以最少字母單詞為基礎實施由少及多地記憶,如此循環往復直到記熟為止。
scrape 刮,擦
crape (弔唁時臂膀上戴的)黑紗
rape 搶劫
ape 類人猿
rape 搶劫
crape (弔唁時臂膀上戴的)黑紗
scrape 刮,擦
像 ape 和 rap 這樣能夠幫助英語學習者強化記憶和擴展詞彙量的最少字母組成詞,據我們統計,3個字母組成的詞大約有 400 個,4個字母組成的詞大約有200 個,5個字母組成的詞大約有 100 個,6 ̄10個字母組成的詞大約有 300個,累加起來大約有1000個小詞。
只要我們把這 1000 個最少字母組成的小詞記住,熟練運用英語詞彙邏輯記憶法的基本原則和基本方法,就能強化記憶,使英語學習者的詞彙量成倍,成幾倍甚至成十幾倍的增加。